Jean-Paul Sartre’s philosophy can be used to examine the moral and ethical choices of Albert Kropp, a soldier in Erich Maria Remarque’s novel, All Quiet on the Western Front. Sartre’s concepts of existence, reality, and action can help us understand Kropp’s behavior and beliefs, particularly his actions during the war and his relationships with his fellow soldiers. This is evident in Kropp’s decision to distance himself from being a “soldier,” his drive for revenge, his choice to join the war, and his built-up anger and resentment.

Sartre’s belief that “existence precedes essence” suggests that humans first exist and then define themselves. This means that people’s actions shape their identity instead of being predetermined by external factors. This concept applies to Kropp’s views on war, as he acknowledges that war is a social construct that people create and then participate in. Kropp’s existence as a soldier defines him, rather than some inherent trait or quality.

Sartre argues that “there is no reality except in action.” This means that individuals are defined by what they do rather than what they think or believe. Kropp’s behavior towards Himmelstoss reflects this idea, as he plans to become Himmelstoss’ superior in the postal service to exact revenge. Kropp is defined by his desire to take action to achieve his revenge, rather than by his desire for revenge.

Furthermore, Sartre believes that “life is nothing until it is lived; but it is yours to make sense of, and the value of it is nothing else but the sense that you choose.” This statement emphasizes the importance of individual choice and the responsibility that comes with it. Kropp’s decision to join the army and go to war is not inherently right or wrong, but it is up to him to make sense of his actions and their consequences.

Sartre notes that “when the rich wage war, it’s the poor who die.” This quote highlights the inequality and injustice that exists in the world, especially during times of war. Kropp, as a peasant, is one of the “poor” who are sent to fight and die for the interests of the wealthy and powerful. This fact raises questions about the ethics of those who wage war.

Finally, Sartre writes, “every existing thing is born without reason, prolongs itself out of weakness, and dies by chance.” This quote emphasizes the randomness and unpredictability of life. Kropp’s loss of his leg during an amputation is an example of the arbitrary nature of war and its consequences. Additionally, Kropp’s initial resentment towards Paul for being able to walk when he cannot shows the weakness that exists in humans when faced with adversity.

In conclusion, Jean-Paul Sartre’s philosophy can help us examine the ethical and moral choices of Albert Kropp in All Quiet on the Western Front. Sartre’s concepts of existence, reality, action, and choice provide insights into Kropp’s behavior and beliefs. Ultimately, Sartre’s philosophy highlights the moral complexity of war and emphasizes the importance of individual choice and responsibility in shaping one’s identity and actions.